The best practice of the Flask-API library to realize authentication and authorization

The best practice of the Flask-API library to realize authentication and authorization Brief introduction Authentication and authorization are the key elements of building safe and reliable web applications.Flask is a fast and concise Python Web framework. It provides a simple and flexible way to achieve authentication and authorization through the Flask-API library.This article will introduce how to use the Flask-API library to achieve the identity verification and authorization of the best practice. 1. Install Flask and FLASK-API library Before starting, we need to install Flask and Flask-API libraries.You can use the following commands to install them: pip install flask pip install flask-api 2. Create FLASK application Create a python file called App.py, and introduce the necessary dependencies in it: python from flask import Flask, request from flask_api import status, exceptions app = Flask(__name__) 3. Define the user model In order to verify and authorize identity, we need to define a user model.This model can contain user attributes, such as user names, passwords and characters.For example: python users = [ {'username': 'admin', 'password': 'admin', 'role': 'admin'}, {'username': 'user', 'password': 'user', 'role': 'user'} ] 4. Create identity verification decorative device We can use the decorators provided by Flask to implement identity verification.The following is a simple realization of identity verification decoration: python def authenticate(username, password): for user in users: if user['username'] == username and user['password'] == password: return user raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed() 5. Create role verification decorative device To achieve authorization, we can use another decoration to verify the user's role.The following is a simple character verification decorative implementation: python def authorize(role): def decorator(f): def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): user = request.current_user if user['role'] != role: raise exceptions.PermissionDenied() return f(*args, **kwargs) return wrapper return decorator 6. Create identity verification and authorization middleware Create a middleware to process identity verification and authorization of each request.We can use the BeFore_request hook provided by Flask to achieve it: python @app.before_request def authenticate_request(): auth = request.headers.get('Authorization') if auth: username, password = auth.split(':') user = authenticate(username, password) request.current_user = user else: raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed() 7. Create a protected route Using our definitions and middleware, you can easily create a protected route.The following is an example: python @app.route('/admin') @authorize('admin') def admin_route(): return 'Welcome to the admin area!' Full code and configuration The following is a complete sample code: python from flask import Flask, request from flask_api import status, exceptions app = Flask(__name__) users = [ {'username': 'admin', 'password': 'admin', 'role': 'admin'}, {'username': 'user', 'password': 'user', 'role': 'user'} ] def authenticate(username, password): for user in users: if user['username'] == username and user['password'] == password: return user raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed() def authorize(role): def decorator(f): def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): user = request.current_user if user['role'] != role: raise exceptions.PermissionDenied() return f(*args, **kwargs) return wrapper return decorator @app.before_request def authenticate_request(): auth = request.headers.get('Authorization') if auth: username, password = auth.split(':') user = authenticate(username, password) request.current_user = user else: raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed() @app.route('/admin') @authorize('admin') def admin_route(): return 'Welcome to the admin area!' if __name__ == '__main__': app.run() You can start the application by running the `python app.py`. in conclusion By using the Flask-API library, we can easily achieve the best practice of authentication and authorization.The authentication decorator can be used to verify the credentials of the user, while the character verify the decorative device can be used to authorize the access of users.The middleware can be used to verify the identity in each request and binds the current user into the request.The combination of these components can provide security and reliability for our applications.